How should we behave in private and in public, what are our duties to others. The second edition of environmental ethics combines a strong theoretical foundation with applications to some of the most pressing environmental problems. The journal welcomes feminist scholarship from any discipline on ethical issues related to health, health care, and the biomedical sciences, or to the social, economic, and environmental determinants of health. I outline the fundamental premises involved and analyze their internal coherence. Many people want to connect feminism and environmental justice but arent sure where to begin. In 1979, at the institute of social studies in the hague, she founded the women and development programme. King in this essay i examine the relevance of the vocabulary of an ethics of care to ecofeminism. Through a series of multidisciplinary readings, environmental ethics. Warren has several books on ecological feminism, one coauthored with jim cheney and entitled ecological feminism, and two anthologies on ecofeminism. In addition, one important characteristic of ecofeminist ethics is its.
Damage to the environment is definitely a feminist issue. Ethics and values in feminist counseling and psychotherapy. Feminist ethics aims to understand, criticize, and correct how gender operates within our moral beliefs and practices lindemann 2005, 11 and our methodological approaches to ethical theory. Some argue that the basis is the intrinsic or inherent value of nonhuman animals andor nature, in contrast with the canonical view that they have merely instrumental or extrinsic value. While this vocabulary appears to offer a promising alternative to moral extensionism and deep ecology.
Pdf ecofeminism and environmental ethics researchgate. Crosscultural environmental ethics mccagney ecofeminism kaza ecological feminist perspectives eaton ecology, justice, and the sacred eaton environment and valuesenvironmental ethics taylor environmental ethics lorentzen environmental ethics mcanally environmental ethics mickey environmental leadership learning community armon. Alasdair cochrane london school of economics and political science a. Chapter seven focused on natural laws and human rights. We have a very extensive range of interviews with some of the worlds most eminent philosophers discussing books on these knotty problems of contemporary morality from. Mar 15, 2010 through a series of multidisciplinary readings, environmental ethics. Feminine approaches to ethics, with their stress on personal relationships and an ethics of care, put a premium on the value of human connection. Weve rounded up the 21 best books for understanding black feminism, including black feminist thought. Not only are there problems on logical grounds, but the tacit methodological approach of the two papers are inconsistent with the deep ecologists own substantive comments. Chris cuomo was at the time for the publishing of her book feminism and. What is the proper way to understand the relationship between humans and the natural environment. Feminist ethics is an approach to ethics that builds on the belief that traditionally ethical theorizing has undervalued andor underappreciated women s moral experience, which is largely maledominated, and it therefore chooses to reimagine ethics through a holistic feminist approach to transform it. Ecofeminism uses the basic feminist tenets of equality between genders, a revaluing of nonpatriarchal or nonlinear structures. Environmental ethics and feminist ethics focus on two important social and theoretical issues, namely the welfare of nonhuman nature and the unequal relationship between men and women.
Women, ecology and the scientific revolution is a classic ecofeminist text. Feminist ethics is a diverse set of genderfocused approaches to ethical theory and practice. Feminist ethics has therefore chosen to rewrite and reimage ethics through a feminist approach in order to transform it. Far from being monolithic, feminist ethics encompasses a wide variety of womancentred approaches to the moral life.
Environmentalism, feminism, and multiculturalism, sterba examines each of these challenges. The primary aims of feminist ethics are 1 to examine the traits, virtues, and values that have been culturally tied to women worldwide, but particularly in the western world. Lori gruen author, william griffin professor of philosophy. Linked bibliography for the sep article feminist environmental. More specifically, feminist ethicists aim to understand, criticize, and correct. Ecofeminism uses the basic feminist tenets of equality between genders, a revaluing of nonpatriarchal or nonlinear structures, and a view of. List of books and articles about ecofeminism online research. Includes an extended introduction that provides an historical and thematic introduction to the field of environmental ethics features a selection of brief original. Feminist ethics routledge encyclopedia of philosophy. Her work includes projects on environmental ethics, gender, individualism, communitarianism, and feminist ethics.
A stepbystep approach to implementing feminist therapy with women and men from all cultures and diverse backgrounds focu. An important starting point for the development of an environmental ethics must perforce lie in the experience and situation of women gruen 1994. Ecofeminism, which arose as the result of the feminist movement of the 1960s and 1970s, looks at the relationship between gender and ecology from both cultural and social standpoints. Its name was coined by french feminist francoise deaubonne in 1974. Ecofeminism can be described as both an ecological philosophy and a social movement that draws on environmental studies, critiques of modernity and science, and feminist critical analyses and activism to explicate connections between women and nature, and the implications of these relationships for environmental politics. Oxford handbook of feminist philosophy under contract with oxford university press, coeditor with asta sveinsdottir. Lori gruen is the william griffin professor of philosophy and professor of feminist, gender, and sexuality studies and science in society at wesleyan university where she also coordinates wesleyan animal studies.
The following are the core questions of environmental ethics. Moral principles may be viewed either as the standard of conduct that individuals have constructed for themselves or as the body of obligations and duties that a particular society requires of its members. Indigenous ethics and feminist care ethics offer a range of related ideas and tools for environmental ethics. Environmental ethics is the discipline in philosophy that studies the moral. I will reflect on chapters seven natural law and human rights and nine feminist thought and ethics of care in this journal. Feminist concerns in environmental ethics span this broad range of positions. Simians, cyborgs, and women, free association books, london 1991. Ecofeminism is a common contraction for ecological feminism. Environmental ethics stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Apr 22, 2016 whatever your interpretation, ecofeminism is a unique feminist lens on the very real relationship between gender and environmental issues. However, in stressing the importance of a feminist analysis to environmental ethics, i would not want women to be seen as the solution to environmental damage and injustice and thereby deflect attention from the problem of male domination and exploitation of women and the natural world mellor 1992a, 81. Ecofeminism and global environmental politics oxford. In fact, the advocates of peoples park had asserted another version of what is probably americas oldest and most cherished fantasy.
This page includes information on feminist environmental ethics and ecofeminism. Environmental ethics is the study of ethical relationships between human beings and the natural environment, including the nonhuman individuals that populateconstitute it. Comparison of similarities between women and animals does not necessarily show that animals are oppressed, much less. I offer a feminist critique of deep ecology as presented in the seminal papers of naess and devall. Since the late 1960s she has been involved with feminist activism. List of books and articles about ecofeminism online. This essay builds on arguments initially made in my book. Ecofeminism, branch of feminism that examines the connections between women and nature. Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment, the black woman, an anthology. Unlike canonical western ethics, western environmental ethics both feminist and nonfeminist is predicated on the claim that humans have moral responsibilities or obligations to nonhuman animals andor nature, although they disagree about the basis of these responsibilities.
The big questions contextualizes environmental ethics within the history of western intellectual tradition and traces the development of theory since the 1970s. Carol gilligan argues from the perspective of a difference feminist arguing that there are differences between men and women and that equalizing behavior is not the goal of feminism. Environmental ethics an overview sciencedirect topics. Mary mellor uk sociologist who moved to ecofeminist ideas from an interest in cooperatives. Feminist ethics is an attempt to reformulate, revise and rethink the parts of traditional western ethics that devalue or depreciate the moral experiences of women. Ecofeminism sociology and environmentalism britannica. This is an umbrella title for a range of different political approaches to feminist ethics which have grown out of, or been influenced by a range of political traditions. The view of ecological feminism is that women are dominated by men and nature is dominated by society due to the patriarchal culture inherent in western society. Whatever your interpretation, ecofeminism is a unique feminist lens on the very real relationship between gender and environmental issues.
Sage books ethics and values in feminist counseling and. A sand county almanac and sketches here and there by aldo leopold, silent spring by rachel carson, environmental e. This page includes information on feminist environmental ethics and ecofeminism bibliography environmental ethics. The application of ecofeminism to animal rights has established vegetarian ecofeminism, which asserts that omitting the oppression of animals from feminist and ecofeminist analyses is inconsistent with the activist and philosophical foundations of both feminism as a movement to end all forms of oppression and ecofeminism. Early positions of feminist environmental philosophy focused mostly on ethical perspectives on the interconnections among women, nonhuman animals, and nature e. Ecofeminism has grown since the 1970s, blending and furthering activism, feminist theory, and ecological perspectives.
Feminist theory, continental philosophy, disability studies, queer theory, critical race theory, ethics, and environmental philosophy. Her books breaking the boundaries and feminism and ecology are grounded in a materialist analysis. Alison jaggar, author of feminist politics and human nature sterbas analysis of how environmental ethics unsettles established ethical convictions is seminal, and few ethicists are more resolute in forging better principles to meet this challengea synthesis of anthropocentric and biocentric concerns. These ethics delve into deep connections and moral. Mies has written books and articles that deal with topics relating to feminism, third world issues and the environment.
List of books and articles about feminist ethics online. Crosscultural environmental ethics mccagney ecofeminism kaza ecological feminist perspectives eaton ecology, justice, and the sacred eaton environment and values environmental ethics taylor environmental ethics lorentzen environmental ethics mcanally environmental ethics mickey environmental leadership learning community armon. Ecofeminists have assumed that a feminist environmental ethics can draw straightforwardly on. Feminist environmental philosophy stanford encyclopedia. Feminism international society for environmental ethics. Early positions of feminist environmental philosophy focused mostly on ethical. Feminist ethics stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Mar 12, 2020 in addition to books on environmental ethics, he has also published works on health care ethics, public policy, and paternalistic intervention. Ijfab is the leading forum in bioethics for feminist thought and debate. Nature ethics is a major contribution to ecofeminist philosophy, animal liberation. In the case of environmentalism, he argues that traditional ethics must incorporate conflict resolution principles that favor nonhumans over humans in a significant range of cases. The feminist connection between women and animals beth a. Natural law is theory is an ethical theory that recognizes a natural governing law that is discoverable through reasoning. Here is a list of 10 books about ecofeminism to get you started.
List of books and articles about ethics online research. Deeper than deep ecology the eco feminist connection. Ecofeminism, also called ecological feminism, branch of feminism that examines the connections between women and nature. Feminist thought and ethics of care essay 993 words. Ecology, ethics of ecological or environmental ethics is the study of what humans, individually and corporately, ought to value, ought to be, and ought to do in relationships with all other beings and elements in the biosphere. In addition to books on environmental ethics, he has also published works on health care ethics, public policy, and paternalistic intervention.
Gilligan in her study of ethics critiqued the traditional kohlberg research which asserted that principlebased ethics was the highest form of ethical thinking. Feminists have little to gain by concentrating exclusively on how the concepts. How do these things change in a world where we run up against people with very different answers to our own. Environmental ethics is the discipline in philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human beings to, and also the value and moral status of, the environment and its nonhuman contents. Moreover, by seeking to establish symbolic connections, ecofeminists run the risk of essentializing women as emotional and bodily and closer to nature than men. Mar 03, 2020 weve rounded up the 21 best books for understanding black feminism, including black feminist thought.
Unlike canonical western ethics, western environmental ethics both. This subdiscipline is concerned with the values and virtues of both the individual and the community via feminist and womancentered approaches and responses to mainstream ethics and moral theory, especially liberalism and communitarianism. Feminist environmental philosophy stanford encyclopedia of. Warren, associate professor of philosophy at macalester college, is editor of ecological feminist philosophies, and coeditor with duane l. Linked bibliography for the sep article feminist environmental philosophy by karen j. Warren also conducts workshops on environmental ethics and critical thinking for elementary and secondary school teachers and students, and is cocreator of an environmental ethics simulation game. Feminist ethics covers a range of genderspecific social justice and moral questions. Gammon, and trevor hedberg isee international society for environmental ethics advancing the field of environmental ethics and philosophy since 1990. Comparison of similarities between women and animals does not necessarily show that animals are oppressed, much less that they are oppressed by patriarchy.
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